Unit 3 Finance In Hospitality Sector level 5 Regent college

TASK 1

P1. Reviewing the sources of funding and their benefits in generating income for business

To ascertain financial needs of business, there has been availability of various sources of funding which will be through the internal sources or with the external sources which will be assistive and helpful to the entity to have the required amount of capital funds for the operations. Moreover, here are various sources which will be helpful to meet the capital requirement of Belgravia Hotel. Moreover, there are various internal external sources which will be evaluated as follows:

Internal sources of funding:

Owner’s Equity: This is the most convenient and satisfactory source of funding as there will not be required to make the return in the generated capital as well as it will not need the time to have returns (Kallmuenzer and Peters, 2018). The owners or partners of the firm will bring their personal savings in the operations of the business which will be effective and primary source of gathering the amount of funds in each activity. Therefore, there is need to have appropriate balance of amount which will be use in each business activities of a hospitality industry. Belgravia Hotel will have satisfactory growth in the capital structure if directors or owner of this firm will bring their savings in operational practices.

Operating activities: By contrasting with these techniques it comprises with making the operational efforts such as manufacturing goods and services and deal with them in market. Sales revenue and the gains after deducting all the costs or operations will be helpful to use for the next tasks or for development of business. In hospitality industry, to make the most appropriate deals in market, they have to make sale of their services among consumers. Moreover, the revenue generated through serving consumers will be very helpful and beneficial to have satisfactory amount of profits.

Sale of assets: The unused and the unequipped assets needed to be sold out the firm as to have the satisfactory gains through this. Moreover, if a firm seeks for the shortage of funds in the operations that they can sell out assets like machinery, land, building, equipment, etc. Belgravia Hotel will have efficient amount of earnings if they will make sale of such assets (Kasemsap and et.al, 2018).

Externals sources:

These are the roots which are other than internal sources of gathering the capital funds for the operations. It will be helpful to the firm in relation with gathering the amount of capital which they desired. Moreover, they have to make payment of interest in return to the particular amount. Similarly, there will be time limit for the amounts obtained by the firm in order to meet the funds requirements. Thus, the external sources of funds can be analyzed as:

Shareholder’s equity: These are the sources of fund which help the business in selling the equity ownership of business in the market. These are the marketable gains which have been collected through selling shares and securities among investors. In this regard, the investors mainly seek for details relevant with financial health of firm. Moreover, it will be suggested to the Belgravia hotel that they must make periodical disclosure of the firm’s financial database which will be attractive to investors to show their interest in investing in entity. It will be a suitable technique to raise the capital funds of the business. In addition, shareholders mainly seek for having appropriate returns over their invested money in the business. Thus, the appropriate dividend policies will be attractive and satisfactory to the investors in terms of making trust over the business as well as for analyzing the requirements of firm (Claveria, Monte and Torra, 2015).

Bank loan: These are the borrowings which a firm can have through banks and financial institutions in against the property or assets of entity. Therefore, Belgravia Hotel will have satisfactory amount of loans from the banks on which they have to make payment of interest amount and the time period of loan will decide the terms of loans. The short and long term loan will be helpful as to meet the financial requirements on right time. In addition, it will be a satisfactory source as the professionals will have effective amount of borrowings that they desire. Thus, which in return helps them in improving the operational quality as well as bounds them in meeting the targets.

Governmental grants: There are various governmental agencies which approach towards helping the business in its survival. Moreover, there will be improvements in the revenue and the grants of the business to have risen in the income level as well as in operational activities. These are funds which will be helpful to Belgravia Hotel in terms of operating the business activities as it does not require any interest amount to be paid in return of such grants. These are the amount which are tax free, so the professionals need not to make payment of corporate tax in relation with such grants.

P1.2 Evaluate contribution made by methods of income generation

The sources of income will be helpful for Belgravia hotels to effectively accomplish business activities in the best possible manner (Avilova, Ermakov and Gozalova, 2014). This is required for so that extra income may be produced in a better way. The hotel provides good quality food and high end rooms in effective manner enhancing level of customer satisfaction quite effectually. The main method is to provide attractive offers to the consumers in the best possible way and furthermore, discounts should be provided as well by which they will be attracted to the hotel and sales will be maximized leading to enhance income. Moreover, mailing discounts related offers to customers in effective way. Thus, customers will be provided with fresh offers and thus, technology has imparted new way of doing business.

Moreover, to organize contests is useful technique to maximize sales by implementing such promotional tool in effective manner. Relationship with potential customers will be attracted to hotel and as a result, firm will be able to garner income by organizing contests quite effectually (Lado-Sestayo and et.al, 2016). Moreover, social media is another useful strategy helpful for organization to accomplish promotion by disclosing attractive discounts on the social networking sites to grab customer attention in effective way. Hence, these methods are helpful for firm to generate income with much ease.

TASK 2

P2.1 Discuss elements of cost and profit and setting selling prices

The business incurs various costs such as material, labor and overheads which are required to be incurred by Belgravia hotel in order to set selling price of products in effective way. These costs are required to quote prices with much ease. Material cost is the main part of food items like ingredients applied in flour for preparing bread is termed as material cost. On the other hand, labor costs such as wages, salaries and overtime payments etc. depreciation is indirect expenditure and overheads are administrative, marketing and cost of maintenance etc. Thus, by adding all these, total costs are ascertained with much ease. It is then used in setting selling prices in effective way (Liu and Pennington-Gray, 2015).

Fixed and variable expenditures are taken into account as well. Fixed ones are required to be incurred irrespective of sales are achieved in desired manner. In simpler words, it is needed that company should incur the same irrespective of profits earned by it. While, variables expenses are incurred in relation to the level of production which means that expenses can be lowered down if production volume is low. For instance, purchase price = 80, Kitchen percentage = 160, then gross profit = 160 – 80 = 80. It can be converted in percentage form Gross profit * 100 / Kitchen percentage. Thus, applying formula, = 80 * 100 / 160 = 50. Hence, by adding gross profit of 50 with cost of 80, selling price = 50 + 80 = 130.

P2.2 Evaluate methods of controlling stock and cash and discussing cost and benefit of two methods

Methods of controlling stock are as follows-

1. Just in time (JIT) approach-

This approach is quite useful in carrying out stock in that way by which no wastage may occur in the Belgravia hotels. The stock is required to be analyzed in effective manner so that no wastage or spoilage may be present and as such, products may be provided to customers.

2. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) -

            EOQ is useful model which is used so that inventory can be purchased in optimum manner. There are two types of costs such as holding and ordering costs are taken into account by which perfect balance is obtained and quantum of desired stock is purchased. This is essentially required so that no less quantity or more than required quantity is ordered by hotel. Thus, it is a standard formula helping business to order cost-effective stock and as a result, spoilage is not found.

Methods of controlling cash are listed below-

1. To balance-

            Balancing cash on daily basis helps to control cash in the best possible manner. When cash is received, it should be entered in accounting books and same treatment should be made in relation to withdrawal of cash (Stock control and inventory, 2017). Hence, balancing of each and every transactions will effectively used to initiate control upon cash.

2. To secure cash-

            Securing cash through installing security related cameras should be implemented at cash counter. This will reduce theft and cash would be controlled in the best possible way. Furthermore, employee should be assigned such job for ensuring security.

3. Reconciliation

Bank passbook and accounting records of Belgravia hotels should be reviewed constantly so that no discrepancies may be present.

TASK 3

P3.1 3.2 Trial balance and assess the source and evaluate business accounts

Trial balance of Belgravia Hotels

Trial balance is extracted for Belgravia Hotels which is effective method for carrying out any type of mathematical inaccuracy found in journal or preparation of general ledger accounts in effectual manner (Shkurkin and et.al, 2016). Thus, with the help of trial balance, mathematical and arithmetical accuracy can be analyzed with much ease. The source and structure can be evaluated below-

• Non-current assets are Furniture & Fixture and Accumulated depreciation provided on.\
• Current assets are Bank, Receivables and Cash in hand
• Current liabilities are Trade Payable and Capital in the business
• Non-current liabilities is Borrowings from bank

Balance sheet is prepared for the business below-

Adjustments

1. Trade payable of 8300 were attained on credit purchase of asset.
2. Accumulated depreciation on furniture and fixture was included in total amount and no adjustment is required.

P3.3 3.4 Purpose and process of budgetary control in organization and assess budgetary variances to recommend for improvement in the future

The main purpose of budgetary control is to analyze planned and actual output and finding out deviations if any for improvement. Thus, costs are assessed in a better way. The process of budgetary control is listed below-

• Budget Committee- Decisions are made regarding the requirement of budget for various departments of hotel and Budget committee is formed.
• Budget centers- The allocation of costs to different department is made in accordance to their needs. The budget center is a unit and controls costs in effective manner and hence, funds are allocated to respective departments.
• Budget manual- It clarifies roles and responsibilities of the personnels concern with budget. Furthermore, it is used to establish relationship between personnels in the process of budget (Singal, 2014).
• Budget Officer- He is appointed by Chief Executive Officer (CEO) for effectively scrutinizing budget prepared by executives and thus, modifications if any is made by officer. Moreover, variances are assessed and action is taken for improvement.
• Period- The budget is prepared for the specific time frame as per operational needs of firm. This period is dependent on varied elements usually different in relation to industries.
• Key factor- The budgetary control process is taken and accomplished by hotel and budget is prepared in effective way. The key factor need to be identified which may impact firm and as such, key factors need to be analyzed so that it may not hamper performance.

            This helps firm to maintain whether deviations prevail in the budgeted results or not with reference to actual results obtained. Improvement is done by taking corrective action. Main purpose of budgetary control is to make ensure that funds allocated to departments are perfectly utilized so that no wastage can be made. Hence, finance could be optimum used in business with reference to budgeted one.

Analyzing budget variances

Variances can be effectively computed from the above variance table-

Sales variance = Actual sales – Budgeted sales

= 1700 – 2000

= -300

Cost of Sales = Actual sales – Budgeted sales

= 1390 - 1500

= -110

Gross profit (GP) = Actual – Budgeted

= 310 - 500

= -190

Administrative expenses = Actual expenses – Budgeted expenses

= 210 – 200

= 10

Selling and distribution expenditures = Budgeted expenditures – Actual expenditures

= 150 - 90

= 60

It can be interpreted that sales of firm is unfavorable as it is not as per the budgeted figure and as such, business need to enhance sales by implementing well-mannered strategies (Zervas, Proserpio and Byers, 2014). Furthermore, costs are also more than that of actual expenditures. Thus, it is recommended to improve sales by reducing overall unnecessary expenses or costs that are deteriorating profit of firm.

TASK 4

P4.1 Calculation of financial ratios

P4.2 Recommendation of appropriate management strategies to improve in the future

It can be assessed from financial ratios that debt equity ratio is less as it is 0.39 % which means that firm is less reliant on debt. Ideal ratio is at least 0.40 % which implies that 40 % of capital should be financed with debt and remaining 60 % from equity. Hence, it needs to improve upon the same. Moreover, current ratio is 7.6 : 1 which is more than ideal ratio of 2 : 1. This shows that business needs to effectively use current assets. It is recommended to use social media strategy to attract customers and enhance profitability. Moreover, it is recommended to organization to use debt financing in the future as it is cheaper source of finance for firm. Using more equity should not be there as higher returns are to be paid by company to investors.

TASK 5

P 5.1 Categorize costs as variable, fixed and semi-variable

There are various costs such as variable, semi-variable and fixed expenditures are incurred in the hotel for accomplishing daily operational tasks in the best possible manner. The costs can be classified below-

Fixed costs - Rent for hotel

Variable costs - Wages cost, Other expenses, Salary and selling price per person

Semi-variable costs - Electricity expenses Telephone expenditures

P 5.2 Calculation of per product contributions and relationship between cost, profit and volume

The Cost, Profit and Volume are collectively used to attain at break-even point in effective manner. P/V (Profit Volume) ratio is effective way of analysing contribution over of sales on per product basis P/V ratio can be calculated below-

P/V ratio = Contribution / Sales

= 1500 / 24000

= 0.06 %

The Contribution per unit (CPU) is calculated below-

= Sales – Total variable cost / Total units

= 24000 – 520 / 2000

CPU = 11.74

Hence, it is assumed that 2000 units are sold and contribution per product turns out to be 11.74

P 5.3 Justify importance of Break-Even analysis for short-term decision making

Break-Even analysis is used to find out optimum sales where neither profit nor loss is incurred. If point exceeds it, then losses starts prevailing (Tsang, Lee and Qu, 2015). It can be interpreted from the above chart that break-even sales are accomplished at 2500 units and cost is 50. Hence, if costs exceed 50, then losses will be incurred.

The importance of break-even analysis in short-term decision making is that cost, volume  and profit can be assessed and as such, strategies can be easily implemented for attainment of higher profits and production. Hence, profits can be achieved in effective manner and thus, business may take short-term decision with much ease. It is quite useful and important in business decision-making so as to maintain adequate sales level which helps in attainment of desired sales and profits can be maximised in a better way.

CONCLUSION

Hereby it can be concluded that organization should use finance in effective way to meet operational tasks. Sources of funds can be used to enhance activities in a better manner. Furthermore, elements of cost in setting prices is required quite effectually. Financial ratios play an important role in the company clarifying financial health. Budgetary control is used to analyze deviations if any and improvement is done by taking corrective actions. Break-Even analysis is another important element for business. 

REFERENCES

• Avilova, N. L., Ermakov, A. S. and Gozalova, M. R., 2014. An analysis of the international customer attraction experience in the hospitality industry. World Applied Sciences Journal,30(MCTT)), pp.84-86.
• Claveria, O., Monte, E. and Torra, S., 2015. A new forecasting approach for the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(7), pp.1520-1538.
• Claveria, O., Monte, E. and Torra, S., 2015. A new forecasting approach for the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(7), pp.1520-1538.
• Kallmuenzer, A. and Peters, M., 2018. Innovativeness and control mechanisms in tourism and hospitality family firms: A comparative study. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 70, pp.66-74.
• Kasemsap, K. and et.al, 2018. Facilitating customer relationship management in modern business. In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition (pp. 1594-1604). IGI Global.
• Lado-Sestayo, R. and et.al, 2016. Impact of location on profitability in the Spanish hotel sector. Tourism Management, 52, pp.405-415.
• Liu, B. and Pennington-Gray, L., 2015. Bed bugs bite the hospitality industry? A framing analysis of bed bug news coverage. Tourism Management, 48, pp.33-42.
• Shkurkin, D. V. and et.al, 2016. Modernization of the Sphere of Tourist and Hospitality Industry of the South of Russia as a Growth Factor of Socio-economic Stability of the Region. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(1S).
• Singal, M., 2014. The business case for diversity management in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 40, pp.10-19.
• Tsang, N. K., Lee, L.Y.S. and Qu, H., 2015. Service quality research on China’s hospitality and tourism industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(3), pp.473-497.
• Zervas, G., Proserpio, D. and Byers, J. W., 2014. The rise of the sharing economy: Estimating the impact of Airbnb on the hotel industry. Journal of Marketing Research.

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